Of Cups, of Memories, and of Future Glory

This is the Bible study page for the Thursday Night Bible Study Group meeting February 9 to study as far as we get between Luke 22:14 through 38.  Chances are good that we won't get through the bread and cups (yes, cups).

Read this passage through several times.  The parallels in Matthew 26 and Mark 14 are also helpful.  John covers the same time frame in chapters 13 through 16.  It's possible the prayer of John 17 was also said in the upper room.  Reading at least John 13 is probably very helpful as well, since it explains some things missing in Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

Be sure as you read to make notes, especially questions.  If you have access to a book (large or small) about how the Passover goes, it will be helpful here.  A Bible handbook (big, thorough one) might have a succinct treatment of the Passover as well. Luke's sequence is not quite the same as the others, so pay attention to the differences.

The remainder through verse 38 of Luke are made up of small discourses.  The questions below will take them individually.  You may find it useful to consider them that way, but commentaries will differ in how they do that, if they even do.

After gaining your own notes and commentary examination, then go back through with the questions below:

• Luke uses the term "apostles" here instead of disciples.  Prior to this he uses "the Twelve" or disciples.  It's possible that he has a technical reason for this or is making some other point.  What reason do you think Luke has for referring to the twelve disciples of Jesus as "apostles" here?
• Luke begins Jesus' discourse with His looking forward to when they celebrate it again in the "final kingdom" of God.  Matthew and Mark both have it at the end.  Why do you think Luke would put that at the beginning?
• Luke has Jesus passing around a cup, having given thanks, before the bread.  There's some question about when, during a traditional Passover meal, this might happen, and exactly which of 4 cups of wine Jesus shares first (thanksgiving).  In any case, there are two cups before the "bread" and two after.  So why do you think Luke makes a point of including this first cup?
• There is some debate about whether the practice of the Passover in the first century used a 3-pocket bag for the unleavened bread.  But regardless, bread was broken in the course of the meal.  Jesus' use of this to refer to His physical suffering changes the meaning from what it was in the meal.  To what do you think Jesus refers with the bread, and why do you think it is so important for us to remember?
• Jesus then shares a cup, again of memorial.  This though, signifies something completely different.  The final two cups of wine in a more modern tradition are the cup of Elijah and the final cup.  Again debate exists as to which cup Jesus uses to signify His blood.  The practice in the first century could have been very different from what we have today.  But which one makes more sense to you, the cup of Elijah or the final cup? (you're going to need to do some research to get at the difference on this one)
• Jesus then reveals He is going to be betrayed.  What do you think it means when Jesus He is going where it has been determined but still "woe" on His betrayer?  Why, if it's determined (think, "necessary") is the one betraying Him in such trouble?  (this was brought up last week)
• Only Matthew has Judas asking Jesus if it's him (like everyone else asks, but this time to see whether Jesus really knew or not).  Jesus responds there with an enigmatic statement.  Considering that Jesus washes Judas' feet and Judas is part of the meal, what do you think Jesus is doing for Judas by including him in all of that?  
• As they were looking back, what do you think Jesus' treatment of Judas meant to the Twelve, you know, "upon reflection"? What can you tell from what they remember and relate about Jesus' treatment of Judas in the Gospels?
• The disciples begin to discuss among themselves who might be the one betraying Jesus, which makes sense.  But then their questioning breaks out into an argument about which one is the "greatest".  Imagine you're in the room with them.  What do you hear?  What are they saying, and how do they get from asking about the betrayer to asserting their own greatness?  What do you learn about yourself and human beings from this exercise?
• Only Luke has Jesus comments about greatness right here in the upper room discourse.  Although John 13 has something very similar here related to Jesus' washing of the disciple's feet.  How does John 13 help you with Jesus' statements recorded here in Luke?  
• Only Luke has Jesus next comment about the apostles sitting on thrones judging the 12 tribes of Israel.  But read verses 28 through 30 in several translations (Blue Letter Bible may help here).  Look particularly at how 29 is connected to 30.  So, what do you think?  Is Jesus promising the twelve a kingdom, just as He Himself has been appointed one by the Father?
• In verses 31, Jesus begins speaking to Peter about his denial.  Only Mark do we have this statement about satan requesting to "sift" him.  The way it's worded (and the context supports this), the implication is that God granted satan's request.  Why do you think God would do that?
• Jesus prays for Peter that his faith may not fail.  Considering Jesus' next comment about Peter's "return" what do you think Jesus means by praying for Peter's faith not to fail?
• Jesus seems to know what Peter will face, and yet still gives him a job to do afterwards.  He knows how it will go, but that does not disqualify Peter for service (at least not after he returns).  What does that tell you about Jesus' thoughts on qualifications for ministering?
• In the other Gospels, Peter claims his faithfulness in the Garden (Mount of Olives).  In Luke and John, they haven't left just yet.  How important is this detail to you?
• In Matthew and Mark, the other disciples claim faithfulness as well along with Peter.  This detail is missing from Luke and John.  Is it sort of assumed in the other two, or do you think there's some reason it didn't make it in?
• Read Matthew 26:34, Mark 14:30, Luke 22:34, and John 13:38.  How many times does the rooster crow before Peter denies Jesus?  Write that down.  Now read Mark 14:66 - 72.  Why do you think Mark would have such a precisely numbered detail?  (who was Mark's source again?)
• Only Luke has the detail about the twelve disciples/apostles now being "equipped" and Jesus contrasts that with when they were sent out as 12 and 72 taking no provisions.  Why do you think things are different now?
• Jesus tells them to sell a coat and buy a sword.  What do you think that is about?
• Jesus' explanation about the sword is because it has been foretold that He will be numbered (accounted) among "lawless" ones (outlaw?).  Why do you think that makes a sword necessary?
• The disciples already have two swords (for 12 men?), and Jesus says that's sufficient.  Why, if they are supposed to sell their coat and buy a sword, are 2 swords sufficient for 12 men?

 That's going to take us a while to get through, so get comfy!

Don't forget to look at what these things mean for your own walk with Jesus.  How does the Passover celebration and Jesus' changes reveal something of your relationship with Him, and His love for you?

And Jesus' dealing with Peter and the other disciples, how does that help you better understand your relationship with Jesus? 

Setting Up

This is the Bible study page for the Thursday Night Bible Study Group meeting February 2 to study Luke 22:1-13.  This passage sets up the betrayal of Jesus and the place where He will celebrate His "Last Supper".

This may be a familiar passage to you, so you will need to either read it in an unfamiliar translation or force yourself to read it slow.  Using a few translation will also help shake up your familiarity and provide insight into ranges of translation options.  Be sure to jot down your questions and insights.  Below is a question or problem I want you to work through before you use any commentaries:

For some insight on the timing of the Passover and Unleavened Bread, look up Deuteronomy 16:1-8.  That will explain somewhat about the timing.  Compare  Matthew 26 and Mark 14 with this passage, and see that the timing is pretty consistent.  Now look at John 13, there the timing is before the feast.  Consider again Deuteronomy 16.  If all the able Jews from all over the known world came to Jerusalem for a sacrifice, how could they all have their lambs sacrificed in a single evening?  How would you solve this dilemma?

Once you have some questions and observations of your own, go back through the passage with any commentaries you can find.  They will be somewhat helpful (although not all agree) on some of these details.  Once you've revised your questions and observations from commentary reading, go back through with the questions below:

• Even John (John 11:45-53) agrees that the religious leaders plotted to kill Jesus, but were afraid of a riot during the Passover/Unleavened Bread festival.  But John is clearer about why they wanted to avoid a riot.  Why do you think it was so important to the religious leaders not to upset the Romans?  Why do you think the "people" would be less concerned?
• That Satan enters Judas is supported by John as well (John 13:27), but the timing is different.  Yet in another place Jesus says about Judas (on the side) that he is a devil (John 6:70).  When do you think Satan was working in Judas, and what does the point about Satan entering him really mean for the writers?
• Matthew says the religious leaders gave Judas 30 pieces of silver, Mark and Luke don't mention a specific amount, and John has nothing about it at all.  What do you think is the point about the silver?
• Notice that the actions of Judas enable the religious leaders to consider getting rid of Jesus during the festival instead of waiting.  Why do you think this is important to the plan of God?
• The instructions for finding the room for the Passover preparations should sound a little familiar (Luke 19:29-35).  Mark has similar details (Mark 14:12-17), and Matthew has far fewer (Matt. 26:17-20).  So what do you think is the point of the Gospel writers in providing this detail about Jesus, that He has these arrangements somehow already made?

That should keep us busy for a while.  Be sure to bring your notes with you.  Also consider the character of Judas, and how he may give you insight into our own relationship with Jesus.  What strikes you as odd and what do you learn about yourself?

Old-lady Prophet and a Lost Boy

This is the Bible study page for the Thursday Night Bible Study Group meeting July 30 to study Luke 2:36-52. This too can be considered familiar if you attended Sunday School as a kid. As adults, we don't tend to spend much time on Jesus' childhood. Seems he's always going to the Temple; which sets us up nicely for his adult life.

Read through the remainder of chapter 2 a few times. Jot down notes and questions that come to mind. Try to imagine you're there watching these events. Imagine it like 'reality tv' or something. What do you see, hear, and think. Then go to commentaries, and see what questions and answes you find.

After this, go back through with these questions:

# What role do you think Anna served in the Temple as a prophetess?
# Considering the religious 'machine' of the busy temple system, what do you think of Simeon and Anna, clearly two anomalies in an otherwise cynacal religious system? If there's room for them, who else might you find there?
# Simeon takes (or receives) the Child, but Anna simply talks about Him around Him. How do you imagine this looked?
# Who are these ones looking for the redemption of Jerusalem? Why not the redemption of all Israel?
# They return to Nazareth. That does not coincide well with Matthew's account, since the Wise guys haven't shown up yet. What are possible explanations?
# Jesus is raised in a devout family. Why do think Luke makes such a clear point of that?
# They go to Jerusalem for the Passover yearly. But year 12, He is 'lost'. What do you think is going on with Jesus?
# They travel a whole day, then take three more to find Him in the Temple. Where did He 'live' for four days?
# Pretend you're Joseph. How does it feel to hear Jesus ask why they didn't know He had to be in His Father's house?
# Jesus returns and submits to them. How do you feel about the paradox here? Jesus, God incarnate, submits to human parents. Why is this even necessary?
# How do you parent God?
# How does God grow in favor with God?

Sorry for the lame formatting. Blogger doesn't have many text format options. But these questions should keep us busy for a few minutes.

For To You Is Born...

This is the study page for the Thursday Night Study Group meeting, Thursday, December 20.  The passage is Luke 2 instead of Acts 14.

Read through the chapter several times.  It may be helpful to read Chapter 1 because that has a lot of detail that is assumed in this chapter.  As you read through Chapter 2, look for things that seem odd, or out of place.  Look for things that "don't match" and consider who is doing what and to whom are things being done.

After reading through a few times yourself, writing down observations and questions, consider the questions below as you read through again.

• When did all this happen?
• What's the census for?
• Why go to the family cities?
• What is the status of Joseph and Mary?
• What might have been some difficulties along the road from Nazareth?
• What was everyone doing in Bethlehem?
• If shepherds were out in the fields, what was the weather like, most likely?
• What can you guess about what the angel looked like?
• Once the angel makes the announcement, who shows up?  What do they do?
• Once they leave, how long does it take the shepherds to find the manger?
• What do they do once they find the baby?
• What do the shepherds do after seeing the child?
• What does Mary do after they leave?
• What is the common theme with anyone connected to the child?
• Why the eighth day for circumcision?
• Look up Leviticus 12:1-8, why the pigeon or turtle dove?
• What is Simeon's guarantee from the Spirit?
• What things are included in Simeon's address to Mary?
• What is Anna's "job"? Is it unusual for a woman to be a "prophet"? (see 2 Kings 22:8-20)
• What does Anna do with Jesus?
• What theme continues with those encountering Jesus?
• After the "purification" and "dedication", where did they go?
• So how long were they in Bethlehem? 
• What sort of parenting do Joseph and Mary provide to Jesus the Teenager if they leave without Him?
• Why would they be so lax?
• How many days was He missing in total?  How did He survive that long?
• What was Jesus doing in Jerusalem?  
• What is the significance that He was sitting and asking questions?
• What did the teachers think? Look up "astonished"/"amazed" (G1839).  What was the problem with which they grappled?
• What were Jesus' parents response?  What is odd about Mary's question?
• What does Jesus' answer to her reveal about what He knows about Himself?
• Knowing what He does about Himself, what would His 'submission' have looked like?

That's probably enough.  Keep some of these items in mind for the following week.  I suspect there will be some questions to be addressed next week about timing.

See everyone Thursday!

Blessings of Christmas upon each of you!